El Nino is a quasi-periodic climate pattern that occurs in the tropical Pacific with approximately 5 year cycle. It consists of marine components, called El Nino or La Niña, characterized by heating or cooling of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, and an atmospheric component, Southern Oscillation, which is characterized by changes in surface pressure in the tropical western Pacific. when the oceans warm phase, known as El Niño is valid, the pressure in the western Pacific surface height, and when the prevailing cold phase (La Niña), the pressure in the western Pacific surface is low. El Nino related floods, droughts and other weather disturbances in many regions of the world.
El Nino is marked by increase in surface pressure in the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, and Australia
Decrease in air pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. , El Niño event begins when the trade winds, part of the Walker circulation, wavered for months. Low atmospheric pressure tends to occur over warm water and high pressure occurs in the cold water, partly because of deep convection over the warm water of action for air transport. El Niño episode is defined as a sustained warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
Early stages and characteristics of El Niño
Although the cause is still not known, El Nino begins when the trade winds, part of the Walker circulation, wavered for months. A series of Kelvin waves of relatively warm water beneath the surface a few inches high and wide for hundreds of miles across the Pacific along the equator and create a pool of warm water near South America, where sea temperatures are usually due to cold upwelling. Ocean Pacific is a reservoir of heat that drives the global wind patterns, and the results of changes in temperature change on a global scale. Rainfall shifted from the western Pacific toward the United States, while Indonesia and India become more dry. warm place in the eastern Pacific can weaken the east-west difference in temperature, wind trade interfere with the push of warm water in the west. The result is increasingly warm water eastward. Several mechanisms have been proposed through the accumulated heat in the equatorial Pacific surface water, and then spread to the lower depths by El Niño.
As a result of El Nino
• In North America, El Niño creates warmer than average winter in the Midwest states and the Northeast, thereby reducing the snow from the average during the winter.
• Central and southern California, northwestern Mexico and southwestern United States are significantly more wet, while the northern part of the Gulf states of Mexico and Southeast Asia countries (including the Tidewater and northeastern Mexico) are much wetter and cooler than average during the phase of El Niño oscillation.
• In Canada, winter is warmer and dry place, although relatively little variation can be seen in the Maritime Provinces.
(source: wikipedia.com)
The pictures of El Nino and El Nino Effect
This is video about El Nino, enjoy this
